Load Bank
A load bank is a test device that applies a controlled electrical load to a power source so that its performance can be verified without connecting the actual facility load. Resistive load banks convert electrical energy into heat through resistor elements cooled by fans, testing real power (kW) capacity. Reactive load banks add inductive or capacitive elements so that sources can be tested at a realistic power factor, typically 0.8 lagging, which also loads the alternator and voltage regulator more representatively. Load banks are used to commission and periodically test generator sets, UPS systems and battery systems, and to counter wet stacking in lightly loaded diesel engines. Selection parameters include rated kW and kvar, voltage and frequency, load-step resolution, cooling method, control and data-logging features, and whether the unit is portable, trailer-mounted or permanently installed.
Examples
- Resistive load bank for annual generator testing
- Resistive-reactive load bank for commissioning at 0.8 power factor
- Load bank for UPS battery discharge testing